Preface to the Special Issue on ‘‘Hydrology from Space’’
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چکیده
Terrestrial waters represent less than a mere 1% of the total amount of water on Earth. However, they have crucial impact on terrestrial life and human needs, and play a major role in climate variability. Excluding the ice caps, fresh water on land is stored in various reservoirs: snow pack, glaciers, aquifers and other geological formations, root zone (upper few meters of the soil), and surface waters (rivers, lakes, man-made reservoirs, wetlands and inundated areas). Land waters are continuously exchanged with the atmosphere and oceans through vertical and horizontal mass fluxes (evaporation, transpiration of the vegetation, surface and underground runoff). Terrestrial waters are an integral part of the global climate system with important links and feedbacks generated through their influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes between continental water, atmosphere and oceans. Analysis of the flow and storage of water in the global water balance is therefore, a key issue for the understanding of the water cycle. It is also essential for making an inventory of, and for managing, water resources. However, the global distribution and spatio-temporal variations of continental waters are still poorly known because routine in situ observations are not available globally.
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تاریخ انتشار 2009